Tamil Nadu Agriculture

Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India, boasts a diverse agricultural landscape comprising several distinct zones. Each zone is characterized by unique soil types, climates, and crops, contributing to the state's agricultural richness. Let's explore these agricultural zones in Tamil Nadu:

1. North Eastern Zone

   • Districts: Kanchipuram, Chengalpet, Tiruvallur, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Kallakuruchi, Vellore, Tirupathur, Ranipet, Tiruvannamalai.
   • Soil: Red sandy loam, Clay loam, Saline coastal, and alluvium.
   • Rainfall: 1105 mm.
   • Crops: Rice, Sorghum, Red gram, Sugarcane, Pearl millet, Finger millet, Cashew, Mango, Guards, Green Chillies, Brinjal, Tapioca, Yam, Banana, Jack, Guava.

2. North Western Zone

   • Districts: Salem, Namakkal, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri.
   • Climate: Semi-arid with limited rainfall.
   • Rainfall: 875 mm.
   • Soil: Predominantly red and laterite.
   • Crops: Rice, Sorghum, Groundnut, Pulses, Millets, Cotton, Gingelly, Arecanut, Cocoa, Coconut, Pepper.

3. Cauvery Delta Zone

   • Districts: Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Myladuthurai
   • Climate: Tropical with significant monsoon season.
   • Soil: Fertile alluvial soil.
   • Notable Crop: Extensive cultivation of paddy rice; known as the "Rice Bowl" of Tamil Nadu.

4. Western Zone

   • Districts: Coimbatore, Thiruppur, Erode.
   • Climate: Varies from temperate to tropical.
   • Soil Types: Red, black, laterite.
   • Rainfall: 715 mm.
   • Crops: Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Pulses, Millets, Oilseeds, Cotton, Sugarcane.

5. Southern Zone

   • Districts: Pudukkottai, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Tirunelveli, Tenkasi, Thoothukudi, Sivagangai, Viruthunagar, Ramanathapuram.
   • Rainfall: 857 mm.
   • Crops: Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Cotton, Chillies.

6. High Rainfall Zone

   • District: Kanniyakumari.
   • Rainfall: 2121 mm.
   • Crops: Rice, Banana, Jackfruit, Mango, Tapioca, Cashew nut, Coconut, Clove.

7. Hilly Zone

   • Regions: Nilgiris, Eastern ghats, and western ghats.
   • Rainfall: 2124 mm.
   • Soil: Predominantly red and laterite; peaty soil in forest areas.
   • Crops: Horticultural crops (Fruits, Vegetables, Species, and condiments), plantation crops.